Do you regularly hold the door open for others? What about helping someone move? The first act doesn’t cost money or even much effort, just a few minutes of your time. The second is more demanding, the kind of helpfulness we usually reserve for good friends or relatives (though we often expect them to thank us with pizza and beer). Psychologist Patricia Lockwood, a research fellow at Oxford University, has spent the first decade of her career trying to pin down the circumstances under which we are willing to behave in a way that benefits others, or to be what scientists call prosocial. Her award-winning research has also led to some interesting discoveries about why and when we behave more selfishly. It doesn’t take much to trigger our instinct to look out for ourselves.
